Table 2 Patient demographics of included studies

Shon et al. 2023 [20]

26.2 ± 8.1 months (SD),

27.9 ± 8.7 months (SD + PCHCA)

7/44 (SD),

9/42 (SD + PCHCA)

55.8 ± 5.3 (SD),

55.3 ± 5.5 (SD + PCHCA)

26.9 ± 3.5 (SD),

26.3 ± 3.5 (SD + PCHCA)

Kim et al. 2023 [21]

27.8 ± 3.6 months (SVF),

28.2 ± 4.1 months (hUCB-MSC)

8/17 (SVF),

9/16 (hUCB-MSC)

56.0 ± 4.8 (SVF),

56.4 ± 6.0 (hUCB-MSC)

26.1 ± 2.9 (SVF),

26.5 ± 2.7 (hUCB-MSC)

Wu et al. 2023 [22]

14.6 ± 5.8 months

11/39

56 ± 3.4

23.4 ± 3.8

Park et al. 2023 [23]

2.9 years (range 1–6 years)

3/9

54.3 ± 7.8

25.9 ± 2.8

Lee et al. 2023 [24]

26.5 ± 9.1 months

21/44

58 ± 9

27.5 ± 3.1

Yang et al. 2022 [25]

34.2 ± 8.4 months (BMAC),

31.0 ± 6.0 months (hUCB-MSC)

17/38 (BMAC),

13/42 (hUCB-MSC)

55.0 ± 7.3 (BMAC),

56.4 ± 5.3 (hUCB-MSC)

27.2 ± 3.9 (BMAC),

26.8 ± 3.2 (hUCB-MSC)

Kim et al. 2022 [34]

26.0 ± 8.7 months (RKL),

26.1 ± 8.5 months (no RKL)

3/14 (RKL),

11/94 (no RKL)

55.1 ± 4.3 (RKL),

56.1 ± 5.1 (no RKL)

25.8 ± 1.9 (RKL),

25.9 ± 2.7 (no RKL)

Otsuki et al. 2022 [26]

31.0 ± 9.1 months

59/83

63.2 ± 9.6

25.3 ± 4.3

Jin et al. 2021 [32]

36.5 ± 8.2 months (MFX),

33.6 ± 6.6 months (BMAC)

13/30 (MFX),

11/37 (BMAC)

55.8 ± 4.4 (MFX),

56.9 ± 6.1 (BMAC)

25.8 ± 2.9 (MFX),

25.8 ± 3.1 (BMAC)

Chung et al. 2021 [27]

1.7 years (range 1.0–3.5 years)

not mentioned

56.6 (range 43–65)

25.8 (range 20.9–33.2)

Iida et al. 2021 [28]

14.1 ± 4.5 months

0/8

57.6 ± 5.2

26.8 ± 1.8

Song et al. 2020 [29]

3.0 years

95/30

58.3 ± 6.8

25.6 ± 2.7

Lee et al. 2019 [30]

2.0 ± 0.2 years (MFX),

1.9 ± 0.1 years (no procedure)

37/20 (MFX),

7/23 (no procedure)

57.0 ± 5.4 (MFX),

57.0 ± 6.5 (no procedure)

26.5 ± 3.6 (MFX),

26.4 ± 3.3 (no procedure)

Kim et al. 2017 [35]

1.0 year

0/14 (MFX),

1/13 (MFX + collagen)

55.7 ± 5.9 (MFX),

55.4 ± 4.8 (MFX + collagen)

24.1 ± 2.8 (MFX),

24.4 ± 2.7 (MFX + collagen)

Kumagai et al. 2017 [31]

20.8 ± 6.5 months

30/70

66.1 ± 7.7

24.9 ± 3.3

Jung et al. 2015 [33]

25.7 ± 8.3 months (SD),

24.1 ± 5.7 months (no procedure)

3/27 (SD),

3/28 (no procedure)

61.5 ± 7.5 (SD),

58.6 ± 6.9 (no procedure)

25.8 ± 2 (SD),

25.6 ± 2.3 (no procedure)