Increased medial talar tilt may incite ankle pain and predispose ankle osteoarthritis after correction of severity of knee varus deformity among patients undergoing bilateral total knee arthroplasty: a prospective observation

Table 5 Sub-group analysis and comparison of pre-op and post-op clinical ankle parameters

Variables	Pre-operative radiological ankle parameters (mean, SD, 95% CI)			Post-operative radiological ankle parameters (mean, SD)			P value
Groups	HKA < 5	HKA 5–10	HKA > 10	HKA < 5	HKA 5–10	HKA > 10
AOFAS	97.15, 3.49, 95.74–98.56	95.07, 5.52, 92.84–97.3	90.88, 10.12, 86.79–94.97	96.5, 3.73, 95.03–98.04	95.84, 4.92, 93.85–97.83	94.23, 6.5, 91.6–96.85	0.487^a
FADI	97.87, 3.75, 96.35–99.38	95.21, 5.53, 92.98–97.45	92.63, 16.12, 86.1–99.14	97.29, 4.66, 95.4–99.17	95.95, 4.57, 94.1–97.8	94.57, 11.3, 89.99–99.15	0.982^a
FJS-12 (ankles)	99.56, 1.32, 99.02–100	98.97, 1.83, 98.95–99.16	92.53, 16.79, 85.7–99.31	99.48, 1.36, 98.93–100.03	98.95, 1.83, 98.2–99.69	93.84, 12.5, 88.7–98.91	0.992^a

P-value^a—calculated by two-way Anova test, where the dependent variable HKA angle shown to be affecting the fixed pre-operative and post-operative parameters
AOFAS—American Orthopaedic Foot and ankle society, FADI—Foot and Ankle Disability Index, FJS-12—Forgotten Joint Score—12, HKA- Hip Knee Ankle Angle

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