Ramp lesion in anterior cruciate ligament injury: a review of the anatomy, biomechanics, epidemiology, and diagnosis

Table 4 Biomechanics after ramp lesion repair

	N	Previous status	AP instability	ER laxity	IR laxity
Ahn et al. [30] Dephillipo et al. [13] Stephen et al. [31] Naendrup et al. [52]	10 16 9 9	Ramp lesion in ACL deficiency Ramp lesion in ACLR Detached PMCA in ACLR Intact knee	(+) 0°, 15°, 30°, 90° NR (+) 0°–60° (+) 0°–40°	NR (+) ≤ 30° (+) 0°–40°, 70°–90° (−)	(−) (+) ≤ 30° NR (−)

ACL anterior cruciate ligament, ACLR anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction, AP anteroposterior, ER external rotational, IR internal rotational, N number of cadaveric knees, PMCA posterior meniscocapsular attachment, (+) Significant increase (P < 0.05); (−) No significant increase

ISSN: 2234-2451