Ramp lesion in anterior cruciate ligament injury: a review of the anatomy, biomechanics, epidemiology, and diagnosis

Table 3 Biomechanics of ramp lesions in ACL-deficient knees versus isolated ACL-deficient knees

	N	Ramp lesion	AP instability	ER laxity	IR laxity
Ahn et al. [30] Dephillipo et al. [13] Peltier et al. [24] Stephen et al. [31]	10 24 10 9	PHMM peripheral longitudinal tear Detaching PMCA and MTA Detaching MTL Detaching PMCA	(+) 0°, 15°, 30°, 60° (+) 30°, 90° (−) (+) 0°–60°	NR (+) 30°, 90° (+) 0°, 30°, 70°, 90° ( +) 0°–40°,70°	(−) (+) 30°, 90° (+) 0°, 30°, 70°, 90° NR

AP anteroposterior, ER external rotational, IR internal rotational, MTA meniscotibial attachment, MTL meniscotibial ligament, N number of cadaveric knees, NR not reported, PHMM posterior horn of the medial meniscus, PMCA posterior meniscocapsular attachment, (+) Significant increase (P < 0.05); (−) No significant increase

ISSN: 2234-2451