Table 2 Gastrocnemius

Adam et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 14)

57.1%

Infection (n = 14)

64.8

12

120

Anract et al.

Gastrocnemius + pes anserinus (n = 4)

Gastrocnemius (n = 5)

100%

Infection and arthrodesis (n = 1)

23

6

30

Boopalan et al.

Medial + lateral gastrocnemius (n = 1)

100%

None

18

–

–

Busfield et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 9)

71.4%

Wound breakdown (n = 1)

Infection (n = 1)

21

7

31

Carlesimo et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 8)

100%

None

21.6

8

36

Casanova et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 4)

Lateral gastrocnemius (n = 2)

Medial + lateral gastrocnemius (n = 1)

85.7%

Infection (n = 1)

28

14

59

Chiou et al.

Lateral gastrocnemius–Achilles tendon (n = 1)

100%

None

18

–

–

Corten et al.

Gastrocnemius (n = 24)

92%

Nonhealing (n = 2)

Wound breakdown (n = 1)

Infection (n = 1)

Above-knee amputation (n = 1)

54

12

120

Gerwin et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 12)

92%

Wound necrosis (n = 1)

41

19

119

Houdek et al.

Gastrocnemius (n = 83)

68%

At least one postoperative complication (n = 59)

Multiple complications (n = 32)

96

24

240

Jaureguito et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 6)

100%

Manipulation under anesthesia (n = 1)

Infection (n = 1)

33

26

41

Markovich et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 6)

100%

None

49.2

12

96

McPherson et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 21)

95.2%

Skin necrosis (n = 4)

Partial necrosis skin graft (n = 3)

Partial peroneal nerve palsy (n = 3)

Flare of preexisting reflex sympathetic dystrophy (n = 3)

Chronic lower leg swelling (n = 3)

Intraoperative fracture of femoral condyle (n = 2)

Patellar tendon rupture (n = 2)

Patellar tendon stretch (n = 1)

S1 nerve palsy (n = 1)

Knee stiffness (n = 1)

Recurrent knee infection (n = 1)

Catheter infection (n = 2)

Fat embolus (n = 1)

Cholecystitis requiring cholecystectomy (n = 1)

17

5.1

33.1

Moog et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 20)

75%

Nonhealing (n = 3)

Infection (n = 5)

24.2 ± 3.1

–

–

Nahabedian et al.

Gastrocnemius (n = 19)

79%

Partial necrosis (n = 3)

Nonhealing (n = 1)

70.7

24

120

Ng et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 1)

0%

Dehiscence (n = 1)

24

24

24

Pozzobon et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 8)

89%

Amputation (n = 4)

25.2

5

60

Ries et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 12)

92%

Additional coverage (n = 3)

Above-knee amputation (n = 1)

28

18

48

Siim et al.

Gastrocnemius (n = 4)

25%

Fistula (n = 2)

Poor vascularization (n = 1)

96

12

204

Suda et al.

Lateral gastrocnemius (n = 2)

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 12)

Lateral + medial gastrocnemius (n = 1)

47%

Lateral gastrocnemius:

Minor complication (n = 1)

Medial gastrocnemius:

Minor complications (n = 3)

Major complications (n = 2)

Infection (n = 2)

37

13

61

Tetreault et al. (2017)

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 31)

48%

Infection (n = 14)

48

24

72

Tetreault et al. (2016)

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 27)

48%

Infection (n = 14)

48

24

72

Theil et al.

Lateral gastrocnemius (n = 6)

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 37)

65%

Infection (n = 15)

53 (median)

18

79

Warren et al.

Medial gastrocnemius (n = 24)

Lateral gastrocnemius (n = 1)

42%

Lateral gastrocnemius:

Arthrodesis (n = 1)

Medial gastrocnemius:

Recurrent infection (n = 18)

Arthrodesis (n = 4)

Above-knee amputation (n = 5)

39.6

1.2

216

Young et al.

Gastrocnemius (n = 15)

73%

Above-knee amputation (n = 3)

Arthrodesis (n = 1)

33

5

96