Table 2 Quality assessment of included studies for meta-analysis
Study name | Design | Total no. of patients | Reporting (11) | External validity | Internal validity: bias | Internal validity: confounding (selection bias) | Power | Total |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Isolated ACL injury | ||||||||
Retrospective study | 293 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 17 | |
 Tandogan et al., 2004 [48] | Retrospective study | 764 | 6 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 17 |
 Manandhar et al., 2018 [40] | Prospective cohort study | 104 | 9 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 23 |
 Meighan et al., 2003 [42] | Retrospective study | 31 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 16 |
 Nikolic et al., 1998 [41] | Retrospective study | 182 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 18 |
 Raviraj et al., 2010 [25] | Retrospective study | 99 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 19 |
 Hur et al., 2017 [38] | Prospective study | 91 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 21 |
 Li et al., 2012 [39] | Retrospective study | 38 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 4 | 18 |
 Ahlen and Liden et al., 2011 [43] | Prospective cohort study | 61 | 8 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 20 |
 Bottoni et al., 2008 [47] | Prospective, randomized study | 70 | 10 | 1 | 4 | 6 | 4 | 25 |
Prospective, randomized study | 55 | 8 | 1 | 4 | 4 | 3 | 20 | |
 Cipolla et al., 1995 [16] | Retrospective study | 1103 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 2 | 5 | 13 |
 Frobell et al., 2010 [45] | Prospective cohort study | 121 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 25 |
 Frobell et al., 2013 [44] | Prospective cohort study | 121 | 10 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 5 | 25 |
 Herbst et al., 2017 [23] | Prospective cohort study | 160 | 8 | 1 | 5 | 3 | 5 | 22 |
 Fok et al., 2013 [37] | Retrospective comparative study | 150 | 10 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 4 | 20 |
Multiligament injuries | ||||||||
 Krych et al., 2015 [58] | Retrospective study | 122 | 3 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 5 | 15 |
 Tardy et al., 2017 [56] | Retrospective study | 39 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 13 |
 Moatshe et al., 2017 [59] | Prospective cohort study | 65 | 9 | 1 | 4 | 3 | 4 | 21 |
 Li et al., 2013 [51] | Retrospective study | 15 | 4 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 0 | 11 |
 Liow et al., 2003 [8] | Retrospective study | 22 | 5 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 1 | 13 |
 Subbiah et al., 2011 [50] | Retrospective study | 19 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 0 | 13 |
 Zhang et al., 2013 [52] | Retrospective study | 59 | 7 | 1 | 3 | 2 | 3 | 16 |
 Tzurbakis et al., 2006 [10] | Retrospective study | 48 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 11 |
 Noyes, et al., 1997 [57] | Retrospective study | 11 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 6 |
 Harner et al., 2004 [9] | Retrospective study | 31 | 9 | 1 | 3 | 3 | 2 | 18 |
 Owens et al., 2007 [54] | Retrospective study | 28 | 4 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 1 | 8 |
 Wascher et al., 1999 [49] | Retrospective study | 13 | 5 | 1 | 2 | 0 | 0 | 8 |
 Fanelli et al., 1996 [55] | Retrospective study | 21 | 3 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 5 |
 Wajsfisz et al., 2014 [53] | Retrospective study | 53 | 4 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 4 |