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Table 3 Reported outcomes – visual analogue scale (VAS) following intraarticular injection of autologous conditioned serum/autologous protein solution (ACS/APS)

From: Autologous cell-free serum preparations in the management of knee osteoarthritis: what is the current clinical evidence?

Author and year

Study patients

Age at presentation

Mean (± SD)/median (range)

Follow-up (months)

Mean (± SD)/median (range)

Outcome measure

Baseline

Post procedure

Score

Mean (± SD)/median (range)

Time point(s)

(weeks/months)

Score

Mean (± SD)/median (range)

Kon et al. 2018 [22]

46

57 (41–68)

12 (± NR)

VAS

5.5 (± NR)

12 months

NRa

Tassara et al. 2018 [24]

25

68 (34–87)

6 (± NR)

VAS

80 (70–100)

1 month

20 (0–60)

6 months

20 (0–60)

Barreto et al. 2017 [31, 32]

100

61.2 (± 1.2)

12 (± NR)

VAS

5.8 (± 0.6)

1 week

4.2 (± NR)

2 weeks

3.3 (± NR)

3 months

3.1 (± NR)

6 months

3.2 (± NR)

12 months

2.3 (± NR)

Hang et al. 2017

92

NR

12 (± NR)

VAS

6.07 (± NR)

12 months

2.52 (± NR)

Shirokova et al. 2017 [34]

123

59.9 (± 8.8)

3 (± NR)

VAS

NRb

3 months

NRb

Rutgers et al. 2015 [36]

20

50 (34–70)

12 (± NR)

VAS

52.20 (± 22.90)

12 months

50.05 (± 23.76)

Baltzer et al. 2009 [38]

376

53.8 (± 12.2)

25 (± NR)

VAS

69.6 (± 13.10)

6 months

29.5 (± 22.58)

  1. NR
  2. avisual analogue scale (VAS) at 12 months reported to be 49% better but numeric score not provided
  3. bVAS at 3 months reported to be 47% better but VAS value not provided