Table 1 Baseline characteristics of studies included
Study | Level of evidence (study design), risk of bias | Graft used | Type of patellar instability | Number of patients (males, females) | Number of knees | Patient age (years) | Follow-up duration | Imaging method |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Turgay et al., 2017 | 4 (case series), NFT | Gracilis tendon graft (whether auto- or allograph not reported) | NR | 31 (8, 23) | 31 | Not reported | 4.1 years | MRI |
Schüttler et al., 2018 | 4 (case series), high | Gracilis tendon autograft | NR | 49 | 51 | 22.6 | 3 years | MRI |
Berard et al., 2013 | 3 (case control), low | Gracilis tendon autograft | Episodic patellar dislocations | 51 (14, 37) | 55 | 24.2 | 3.7 years | Lateral X-ray |
Neri et al., 2019 | 4 (case series), high | Gracilis tendon graft (whether auto- or allograph not reported) | Recurrent dislocations (> 2) | 107 | 112 | 25 | 4.9 years | 3D CT |
Kita et al., 2017 | 4 (case series), high | Semitendinosus tendon autograft | Recurrent dislocations | 23 (6, 17) | 23 | 24 | 2 years | 3D CT |
Wong et al., 2021 | 4 (case series), some concerns | 30 allographs (18 semitendinosus, 12 gracilis), 6 autographs (3 semitendinosus, 1 quadriceps, 2 gracilis) | 16 had recurrent dislocations. Type of instability not reported in remaining 22 | 38 (16, 22) | 38 | 20.4 | 2.5 years | MRI |
Qin et al., 2017 | 4 (case series), some concerns | Gracilis tendon autograft | Recurrent dislocations | 66 (18, 48) | 70 | 24.3 | 20.9 months | CT |