Fig. 5

Fat-saturated proton density-weighted magnetic resonance images demonstrating the measurements of the indices to assess patellar tilt. a Patellar tilt angle (∠θ). b Lateral patellofemoral angle (∠θ). c Angle of Fulkerson (∠θ). d Tilting angle (∠θ). e patellofemoral index (M/L). f Angle of Grelsamer (∠θ)