Fig. 3From: Quadriceps muscle volume has no effect on patellofemoral cartilage lesions in patients with end-stage knee osteoarthritisMeasurement of the hip–knee–ankle angle. The angle between the line connecting the center of the femoral head and the intercondylar center of the femur, and the line connecting the center of the tibial spine and the center of the talar dome was defined as the hip–knee–ankle angleBack to article page