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Fig. 4 | Knee Surgery & Related Research

Fig. 4

From: Gait deviations of patients with ruptured anterior cruciate ligament: a cross-sectional gait analysis study on male patients

Fig. 4

Schematic representations of knee extension moment (KEM) and knee flexion angle during progression from the single-limb stance (SLS) to the terminal double-limb stance (TDS) phase. During this phase, the knee joint is more flexed in ACL-ruptured knees. Extended knees can be unstable during this phase because the KEM rapidly becomes negative (see the green KEM circle). Patients try to decrease the speed of the KEM changes by flexing their ACL-ruptured knee. This strategy has previously been described as the “quadriceps avoidance or stiffening strategy.” The lower right graph shows the correlation between KF PC3 (knee flexion principal component 2) and KEM PC2. KF PC3 represents the knee flexion angle during progression from the SLS to the TDS phase. KEM PC2 represents the KEM amplitude. The blue triangle represents the ACL-ruptured limb, and the orange circle represents the uninjured limb. Linear regression analysis showed that the adjusted R2 value of the second strategy was 0.497

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