Botulinum toxin injections as salvage therapy is beneficial for management of patellofemoral pain syndrome

Table 3 Subgroup analysis—the intervention effectiveness in each group

Questionnaire	Age group		Gender		Osteoarthritis		Physiotherapy
	< 60 years	≥ 60 years	Male	Female	Yes	No	Yes	No
	(n = 18)	(n = 13)	(n = 10)	(n = 21)	(n = 18)	(n = 13)	(n = 25)	(n = 6)
Lysholm
Pre	56.4 ± 16.9	61.5 ± 10.4	58.7 ± 17.6	55.0 ± 14.0	57.9 ± 12.9	53.8 ± 17.8	54.9 ± 14.5	61.6 ± 17.3
Post	82.6 ± 18.8	84.0 ± 13.4	89.8 ± 11.5	80.1 ± 17.9	80.7 ± 19.1	86.7 ± 12.1	82.5 ± 17.0	86.0 ± 15.8
P^**	< 0.001	0.004	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.021
Kujala
Pre	55.3 ± 12.9	63.9 ± 10.9	62.0 ± 16.0	57.5 ± 10.8	61.5 ± 12.0	55.3 ± 13.1	57.6 ± 12.1	64.6 ± 14.5
Post	82.3 ± 17.0	83.2 ± 13.0	90.3 ± 11.2	79.1 ± 15.8	81.6 ± 16.5	84.2 ± 13.7	81.4 ± 15.0	88.2 ± 16.5
P^**	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.032
NRS
Pre	7.7 ± 1.6	7.4 ± 2.5	6.9 ± 1.7	7.9 ± 2.1	7.9 ± 2.1	7.2 ± 1.9	7.7 ± 2.1	7.2 ± 1.5
Post	3.2 ± 3.1	3.2 ± 2.9	2.8 ± 3.0	3.4 ± 3.0	3.6 ± 3.1	2.7 ± 2.8	3.3 ± 3.1	3.0 ± 2.8
P^**	< 0.001	0.001	0.002	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.042
SF-6
Pre	0.6 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.6 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.2
Post	0.8 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1	0.9 ± 0.1	0.7 ± 0.2	0.7 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1	0.8 ± 0.2	0.8 ± 0.1
P^**	< 0.001	0.019	0.02	< 0.001	0.005	0.001	< 0.001	0.171

All data are presented as mean ± SD
P**- p-value of the comparison inside each subgroup. Refers to the Paired samples t-test (normal distribution) or related samples Wilcoxon signed rank test (skewed distribution)

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