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Table 2 Articles selected: results of control groups (isolated ACL reconstruction)

From: Clinical outcomes of combined anterior cruciate ligament and anterolateral ligament reconstruction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Study

LOE/NOS

Control (N)

Age

Indication

Preoperation

Postoperation

Preoperation

Postoperation

Return-to-sport rate

Goncharov et al. (2019) [23]

II/8

30

 

Professional sport activities or participation in competitions; age between 16 and 40 years

Lachman test: 30

Pivot shift: 30

24 months

Lachman test: 13

Pivot shift: 11

IKDC score: 73.4 ± 3.206

Lysholm score: 69.6 ± 3.51

24 months

IKDC score: 90.3 ± 3.73

Lysholm score: 92.1 ± 3.935

66.7%

Helito et al. (2019) [25]

III/6

60

29.9 ± 8.1

Laxity based on the modified Beighton scale [45] with a minimum value of 5–8

Pivot shift: 60

Rolimeter arthrometer: 7.4 ± 1.2 mm

Beighton scale: 5.8 ± 0.9

29.6 ± 6.2 months

Pivot shift: 31

Rolimeter arthrometer: 2.3 ± 1.4 mm

 

29.6 ± 6.2 months

IKDC score: 84.3 ± 9.8

Lysholm score: 86.3 ± 7.8

Rerupture: 13

 

Ibrahim et al. (2017) [20]

I

50

26 (20–32)

At least two of the following criteria: grade 2/3 pivot shift; competitive sport; pivoting sport; chronic ACL injury; Segond fracture

Pivot shift: 50

Lachman test: 50

KT-1000 arthrometer: 8.1 ± 3.2

27 months

Pivot shift: 6

Lachman test: 5

KT-1000 arthrometer: 1.8 ± 0.8

Lysholm score: 72.0 ± 13.5

Tegner score: 6.0 ± 2.0

27 months

Lysholm score: 96.0 ± 3.5

Tegner score: 8.0 ± 1.0

 

Sonnery-Cottet et al. (2018) [26]

III/8

194

30.9 ± 9.9

At least two of the following criteria: grade 3 pivot shift; competitive sport; pivoting sport; chronic ACL injury; Segond fracture; lateral femoral notch sign; age up to 25 years

   

39.2 ± 9.4 months

Lysholm score: 93.0

Tegner score: 6.5

63.0%

Helito et al. (2018) [27]

III/7

68

33.9 ± 6.1

Simple ACL rupture more than 1 year before

Pivot shift: 68

KT-1000 arthrometer: 8.25 ± 1.1

26 (24–29) months

Pivot shift: 24

KT-1000 arthrometer: 2 (1–2) mm

 

26 (24–29) months

IKDC score: 87.1 ± 13

Lysholm score: 91 ± 2.3

Rerupture: 5

 

Sonnery-Cottet et al. (2017) [24]

II/7

Patellar: 105

Hamstring: 176

Patellar: 22.1 ± 3.7

Hamstring: 23.5 ± 4.0

ACL rupture in young people + pivoting sport

Patellar:

Side-to-side laxity: 7.6 ± 1.6

Hamstring:

Side-to-side laxity: 7.4 ± 1.5

Patellar:

39.2 ± 8.8 months

Side-to-side laxity: 0.6 ± 0.9

Hamstring:

41.6 ± 7.0 months

Side-to-side laxity: 0.6 ± 1.0

Patellar:

IKDC score: 56.5 ± 15.8

Hamstring:

IKDC score: 59.4 ± 16.3

Patellar:

39.2 ± 8.8 months

IKDC score: 86.8 ± 10.5

Lysholm score: 92.4 ± 8.6

Tegner score: 7.4 ± 2.1

Rerupture rate: 16.77%

Hamstring:

41.6 ± 7.0 months

IKDC score: 85.4 ± 10.4

Lysholm score: 91.3 ± 9.9

Tegner score: 6.6 ± 1.8

Rerupture rate: 10.77%

Patellar: 63.5%

Hamstring: 59.9%

Yoon et al. (2020) [28]

III / 6

21

29.6 ± 10.2

Revision ACL + grade 2 or 3 pivot shift

Anterior drawer: 21

Pivot shift: 21

Lachman test: 21

Side-to-side difference: 8.0 ± 3.6

2 years

Anterior drawer: 17

Pivot shift: 18

Lachman test: 21

Side-to-side difference: 5.9 ± 2.8

IKDC score: 46.8 ± 19.4

Lysholm score:48.4 ± 25.3

Tegner score: 3.5 ± 2.1

2 years

IKDC score: 56.4 ± 20.7

Lysholm score:62.0 ± 21.3

Tegner score: 4.0 ± 2.7

Rerupture: 3

 

Hamido et al. (2020) [21]

I

52

26 (18–40)

ACL rupture in athletes + pivot shift

Pivot shift: 52

KT-1000 arthrometer: 10.2 ± 0.8

60 (55–65) months

Anterior drawer: 7

Pivot shift: 9

Lachman test: 8

KT-1000 arthrometer: 2.5 ± 0.7

Lysholm score: 74 ± 14.5

Tegner score: 6.9 ± 1.6

60 (55–65) months

Lysholm score: 94 ± 4.5

Tegner score: 7.8 ± 1.4

Rerupture: 5

100%

Abdelrazek et al. (2019) [22]

I

20

26.6 ± 7.2

Chronic ACL rupture or grade 3 pivot shift

Pivot shift: 20

Lachman test: 20

2 years

Pivot shift: 4

Lachman test: 4

Internal tibial rotation angle side-to-side difference: 2.0 ± 1.17

KT-1000 arthrometer side-to-side difference: 1.3 ± 1.3

   

Lee et al. (2019) [29]

III/6

45

27.3 ± 7.6

Revision ACL and age up to 45 years

Pivot shift: 45

Lachman test: 45

KT-2000 arthrometer: 9.4 ± 1.4

Pivot shift: 20

Lachman test: 5

KT-2000 arthrometer: 2.2 ± 1.4

IKDC score: 67.1 ± 16.4

Lysholm score: 73.2 ± 15.6

Tegner score: 5.2 ± 1.1

IKDC score: 76.7 ± 17.2

Lysholm score: 85.1 ± 18.4

Tegner score: 6.5 ± 0.9

25.6%

  1. LOE level of evidence, NOS Newcastle–Ottawa Scale