- L* Lachman test grade *, P* pivot-shift test grade * (i.e., P0L0 = pivot-shift test grade 0 and Lachman test grade 0).
- (_): number of patients who underwent an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction described in parentheses. Patients undergoing ACL reconstruction were examined prior to the surgery.
: Patients initially with grade ≥ 2 instability on either Lachman test or pivot-shift test improved to grade ≤ 1 instability (both Lachman and pivot-shift test) at 1-year follow-up with non-operative treatment.
: Patients initially grade ≥ 2 instability on either Lachman test or pivot-shift test remained at grade ≥ 2 instability (either Lachman or pivot-shift test) at 1-year follow-up with non-operative treatment.
: Patients initially with grade ≥ 2 instability on either Lachman test or pivot-shift test improved to grade ≤ 1 instability (both Lachman and pivot-shift test) at 1-year follow-up with non-operative treatment.
: Patients initially grade ≥ 2 instability on either Lachman test or pivot-shift test remained at grade ≥ 2 instability (either Lachman or pivot-shift test) at 1-year follow-up with non-operative treatment.