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Table 2 Preoperative albumin level, total lymphocyte count (TLC), and body mass index (BMI)* analyses – Patient demographics and clinical characteristics

From: Hypoalbuminemia and obesity class II are reliable predictors of peri-prosthetic joint infection in patient undergoing elective total knee arthroplasty

Demographic variables

Normal albumin level

(N = 607)

Hypoalbuminemiaa

(N = 17)

Normal TLC

(N = 361)

Low TLCb

(N = 181)

Normal weightc

(N = 54)

Under-weightd

(N = 5)

Overweighte

(N = 64)

Obesity If

(N = 192)

Obesity IIg

(N = 116)

Age (mean ± SD)

67.3 ± 7.2

68.9 ± 8.2

67.2 ± 7.4

68.1 ± 6.9

67.8 ± 7.6

57.6 ± 6.3

69.1 ± 8.1

68.8 ± 7.2

64.8 ± 6.0

Sex (%)

 Female

75.5

70.6

76.2

71.3

68.5

80.0

73.4

82.3

76.7

 Male

24.6

29.4

23.8

28.7

31.5

20.0

26.6

17.7

23.3

Comorbidities (% (N))

 Hypertension

69.9 (424)

88.2 (15)

68.1 (246)

72.4 (131)

64.8 (35)

40.0 (2)

62.5 (40)

72.4 (139)

73.3 (85)

 Diabetes mellitus

26.0 (158)

29.4 (5)

26.6 (96)

22.7 (41)

22.2 (12)

0.0 (0)

18.8 (12)

25.5 (49)

26.7 (31)

 Renal disease

3.1 (19)

23.5 (4)

2.8 (10)

5.0 (9)

1.9 (1)

0.0 (0)

3.1 (2)

4.7 (9)

6.0 (7)

 Stroke/TIA

5.1 (31)

5.9 (1)

6.4 (23)

3.3 (6)

9.3 (5)

0.0 (0)

7.8 (5)

6.9 (13)

3.4 (4)

 Rheumatological disease

4.4 (27)

17.6 (3)

3.3 (12)

8.3 (15)

11.1 (6)

100.0 (5)

7.8 (5)

2.1 (4)

0.9 (1)

 Gouty arthritis

3.1 (19)

17.6 (3)

2.5 (9)

5.5 (10)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

3.1 (2)

5.7 (11)

5.2 (6)

 Chronic liver disease

1.2 (7)

0.0 (0)

0.8 (3)

1.7 (3)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

3.1 (2)

1.0 (2)

1.7 (2)

 Hypothyroidism

3.8 (23)

0.0 (0)

4.4 (16)

2.2 (4)

1.9 (1)

0.0 (0)

3.1 (2)

4.2 (8)

8.6 (10)

 Depression

2.5 (15)

11.8 (2)

2.8 (10)

2.2 (4)

1.9 (1)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

3.6 (7)

3.4 (4)

 Psychosis

0.3 (2)

0.0 (0)

0.6 (2)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.5 (1)

0.0 (0)

 History of DVT or PE

2.1 (13)

0.0 (0)

2.5 (9)

1.1 (2)

1.9 (1)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

1.0 (2)

0.9 (1)

 Chronic pulmonary disease

0.7 (4)

0.0 (0)

1.1 (4)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

1.6 (3)

0.0 (0)

 History of myocardial infarct

5.3 (32)

0.0 (0)

4.7 (17)

7.2 (13)

11.1 (6)

0.0 (0)

7.8 (5)

4.2 (8)

5.2 (6)

 Congestive heart failure

0.5 (3)

0.0 (0)

0.6 (2)

0.6 (1)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.9 (1)

 Arrhythmia

3.1 (19)

0.0 (0)

3.3 (12)

3.3 (6)

7.4 (4)

0.0 (0)

6.3 (4)

1.6 (3)

1.7 (2)

 Valvular disease

0.8 (5)

0.0 (0)

0.8 (3)

0.6 (1)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

1.6 (1)

0.5 (1)

2.6 (3)

 Peptic ulcer disease

0.5 (3)

11.8 (2)

0.3 (1)

0.6 (1)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

0.0 (0)

1.6 (3)

0.0 (0)

 Any malignancy

4.1 (25)

0.0 (0)

5.0 (18)

4.4 (8)

1.9 (1)

0.0 (0)

3.1 (2)

8.3 (16)

3.4 (4)

  1. Key: DVT deep vein thrombosis, PE pulmonary embolism, SD standard deviation, TIA transient ischemic attack
  2. *BMI cut-off values for the Asia-Pacific population with reference to the World Health Organization (WHO) international standard [18]
  3. aHypoalbuminemia defined as preoperative serum albumin < 3.5 g/dL
  4. bLow TLC defined as TLC < 1500 cells/mm3
  5. cNormal weight defined as BMI
  6. dUnderweight defined as BMI < 18.5 kg/m2
  7. eOverweight defined as BMI 23.0–24.9 kg/m2
  8. fObesity I defined as BMI 25.0–29.9 kg/m2
  9. gObesity II defined as BMI ≥ 30.0 kg/m2
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Knee Surgery & Related Research

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